The Role of Separators in Lithium-Ion Cell Safety

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Numerical investigation of thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries with different battery materials and heating conditions (2021, background): “The melting point for PE, PP and ceramic coated separator are approximately 408 K, 439 K, and 473 K, respectively[5, 36].”
Li-Ion Battery Fire Hazards and Safety Strategies (2018, background): “The ceramic/polymer composite separator has a higher melting temperature and is more thermally stable than the polymer separator [27].”
A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Suppression (2020, background): “Shutdown separators consist of layered films with different phase transition temperatures which can close the separator pores and halt lithium ion transport [56,57].”
State estimation of lithium-ion cells using a physicochemical model based extended Kalman filter (2018, background): “>10 Ah) [8] cells offers potential towards the reduction of cost per kW h [3].”