Observed Associations Among Storm Tracks, Jet Streams and Midlatitude Oceanic Fronts

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Decadal Variability of the Kuroshio Extension: Observations and an Eddy-Resolving Model Hindcast* (2006, background): “…onto the Pacific North American pattern associated with decadal SST anomalies in the KOE region, a finding consistent with a hypothesis that oceanic fronts maintain baroclinicity in the atmospheric boundary layer and thereby influence storm-track activity (Inatsu et al. 2003; Nakamura et al. 2004).”
Structure and dynamics of decadal anomalies in the wintertime midlatitude North Pacific ocean–atmosphere system (2016, background): “In recent years, observational studies with high-resolution satellite data (Nakamura et al. 2004; Small et al. 2008) and numerical studies with high-resolution GCM (Minobe et al. 2008; Taguchi et al. 2009; Sampe et al. 2010; Czaja and Blunt 2011; Feliks et al. 2004, 2007, 2011) have shown that the…”
Storm track response to ocean fronts in a global high-resolution climate model (2014, background): “As mentioned in the Introduction, much larger perturbations to the storm track were found by Nakamura et al. (2008) and Sampe et al. (2010) in aquaplanet experiments. This included substantial changes (100 %) to the transient eddy meridional wind variance in the upper troposphere, a factor of ten or”