The uterine spiral arteries in human pregnancy: facts and controversies.

By R. Pijnenborg, L. Vercruysse, M. Hanssens. Placenta, 2006

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Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin Summary, Number 222. (2020, background): “Abnormalities in the placental bed and subsequent failure of physiologic transformation of the spiral arteries in the first or early second trimester (75, 76) limit the blood flow to the uteroplacental unit.”
The placenta: a multifaceted, transient organ (2015, background): “The remodelling process involves the loss of smooth muscle cells from the walls of the spiral arteries, either through dedifferentiation or apoptosis, and their replacement by an inert, amorphous fibrinoid material [38,39].”
Pathophysiology of placental‐derived fetal growth restriction (2018, background): “This remodeling involves the loss of smooth muscle cells and elastin from the arterial walls, and their replacement by fibrinoid material.(26) As a result, these segments of the uteroplacental vasculature become inert flaccid conduits, incapable of vasoconstriction.”
Immunology of placentation in eutherian mammals (2006, background): “By contrast, in human haemochorial placentation, there is lowering of resistance in the vessels of the placental bed caused by modification of the walls of pre-existing arteries, resulting in increased low-pressure blood flo”