Seasonality and Hormonal Control of Territorial Aggression in Female Song Sparrows (Passeriformes: Emberizidae: Melospiza melodia)

By Michelle M. Elekonich, J. Wingfield. 2000

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Chapter 7 Hormones in Avian Eggs: Physiology, Ecology and Behavior (2008, background): “Some studies suggest a link between female T levels and intrasexual aggression (Cristol and Johnsen, 1994; Langmore et al., 2002; Zysling et al., 2006), but the evidence is by no means unequivocal (see for instance: Elekonich and Wingfield, 2000).”
Male and female cooperatively breeding fish provide support for the "Challenge Hypothesis" (2006, background): “Contrary to the predictions of the Challenge Hypothesis, female song sparrows (M. melodia) experiencing a territory intrusion had lower levels of circulating androgens than control females (Elekonich and Wingfield, 2000).”
Sexual selection on aggressiveness in females: evidence from an experimental test with tree swallows (2008, unknown): “If female aggression is mediated by testosterone (e.g. Langmore et al. 2002; Gill et al. 2007; but see Elekonich & Wingfield 2000; Jawor et al. 2006), aggressive females may also experience increased stress levels or lower immune function (Folstad & Karter 1992; Braude et al. 1999; Wingfield et al.…”