Root and tuber phytoliths and starch grains document manioc (Manihot esculenta) arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) and llerén (Calathea sp.) at the real alto site Ecuador

By Karol Chandler Ezell, D. Pearsall, J. Zeidler. Economic Botany, 2006

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Current perspectives and the future of domestication studies (2014, unknown): “Meso-America Squash (pepo) x x x x 10,000 9,500 (3, 86, 88) Maize 10,000 9,000 x x 9,000 (89, 90) Foxtail millet-grass x x x x 6,000 4,000 (91) Common bean x x x x 3,000 (92) Avocado x x x x 3,000 (93) Chile pepper x x x x 3,000 (93, 94) Turkey x x x x 2,000 x (95) South America Chili pepper x x x x”
The Amazonian Formative: Crop Domestication and Anthropogenic Soils (2010, background): “species (the oldest are located north or west of the Amazon basin, the youngest within): in addition to different-age trans-Andean records of Manihot macro and microfossils [161,163-166], early Holocene starch grain data for Manihot are recorded by Piperno and Holst [167,168] in Panama, comparably e”
Identifying crop plants with phytoliths (and starch grains) in Central and South America: A review and an update of the evidence (2009, background): “The phytoliths are the diagnostic forms described by Chandler-Ezell et al. (2006) (Fig.”
Diversity of cultivars and other plant resources used at habitation sites in the Llanos de Mojos, Beni, Bolivia: evidence from macrobotanical remains, starch grains, and phytoliths (2012, background): “Several of the starch grains from this artifact exhibited alteration consistent with grinding damage, including enlarged hila, radial fissures, poor bifringence, and split, torn, or partial grains (Babot, 2001; Chandler-Ezell et al., 2006; Perry et al., 2006).”