Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions.

By S. Gordon, F. Martínez. Immunity, 2010

4,174 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The concept of an alternative pathway of macrophage activation has stimulated interest in its definition, mechanism, and functional significance in homeostasis and disease. We assess recent research in this field, argue for a restricted definition, and explore pathways by which the T helper 2 (Th2) cell cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 mediate their effects on macrophage cell biology, their biosynthesis, and responses to a normal and pathological microenvironment. The stage is now set to gain deeper insights into the role of alternatively activated macrophages in immunobiology.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1a7bf649d1e380ea5fefc468042c5211b85a442

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Epidemiology

1. A. Mantovani
2. Subhra K. Biswas
3. S. Gordon
4. A. Sica
5. Klaus Ley
6. Antero Salminen
7. K. Kaarniranta

In Immunology

1. A. Mantovani
2. A. Sica
3. M. Locati
4. S. Gordon
5. Subhra K. Biswas
6. M. Galdiero
7. G. Harry
8. C. McPherson

Citations in the corpus

• Adiponectin Regulation and Function (2018, neutral): “5) (86, 224, 391).”
• Macrophage Polarization: Different Gene Signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. Classically and M2(LPS–) vs. Alternatively Activated Macrophages (2019, background): “In the 1990s Gordon’s group reported that the Th2 cytokine IL-4 increased the expression of the macrophage mannose receptor (MR, also known as CD206), which is normally down-regulated by IFN-γ, inducing an alternative activation of macrophages that promoted an anti-inflammatory and pro-healing pheno”
• Tissue-specific signals control reversible program of localization and functional polarization of macrophages. (2014, neutral): “Two well-appreciated macrophage polarization programs are classically activated (M1) and alternative activated (M2) macrophages that are induced by different stimuli such as LPS+IFNg and IL-4, respectively (Biswas and Mantovani, 2010; Gordon and Martinez, 2010).”
• Low-dose irradiation programs macrophage differentiation to an iNOS⁺/M1 phenotype that orchestrates effective T cell immunotherapy. (2013, background): “Whereas irradiation of macrophages induced iNOS and downregulated the expression of molecules that convey an M2 phenotype, including Ym-1, Fizz1, and arginase (Gordon and Martinez, 2010), it did not increase iNOS expression in immunosuppressive Gr-1+ myeloid cells.”
• Hypoxic Tumor-Derived Exosomal miR-301a Mediates M2 Macrophage Polarization via PTEN/PI3Kγ to Promote Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. (2018, background): “Macrophages, the most abundant infiltrative immune-related stromal cells present in and around tumors, display diverse phenotypes and functions (18).”