An Investigation of Turbulence Generation Mechanisms above Deep Convection

By T. Lane, R. Sharman, T. Clark, H. Hsu. 2003

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Concentric gravity waves in the mesosphere generated by deep convective plumes in the lower atmosphere near Fort Collins, Colorado (2009, background): “the characteristics of gravity waves excited by this mechanism [Piani et al., 2000; Horinouchi et al., 2002; Lane et al., 2003; Alexander et al., 2004; Vadas and Fritts, 2009].”
Generation of large-scale gravity waves and neutral winds in the thermosphere from the dissipation of convectively generated gravity waves (2009, unknown): “2.1. Convective Plume Model [8] Many nonlinear models of GW excitation from convection have been developed [Piani et al., 2000; Horinouchi et al., 2002; Lane et al., 2001, 2003 ].”
Sources of the traveling ionospheric disturbances observed by the ionospheric TIDDBIT sounder near Wallops Island on 30 October 2007 (2010, background): “[7] Many non‐linear models [Piani et al., 2000; Horinouchi et al., 2002; Lane et al., 2001, 2003] and linear models [Stull, 1976; Salby and Garcia, 1987; Alexander et al., 1995; Walterscheid et al., 2001; Beres, 2004] of GW excitation from deep convection have been developed.”
Objective Satellite-Based Detection of Overshooting Tops Using Infrared Window Channel Brightness Temperature Gradients (2010, background): “OTs also generate gravity waves as they interact with and penetrate through the tropopause, which can produce significant turbulence at large distances from the OT (Heymsfield et al. 1991; Lane et al. 2003; Bedka et al. 2007).”