The split ladder of participation: A diagnostic, strategic, and evaluation tool to assess when participation is necessary

By Margot A. Hurlbert, Joyeeta Gupta. 2015

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Practical steps toward integrating economic, social and institutional elements in fisheries policy and management (2017, background): “Without downplaying the very real challenges around appropriate stakeholder participation (Hurlbert and Gupta, 2015) we suggest insufficient attention is”
Tools and methods in participatory modeling: Selecting the right tool for the job (2018, background): “The level of engagement di ﬀ ers across stakeholders and varies from one stage of the project to another (Arnstein, 1969; Hurlbert and Gupta, 2015; Reed et al., 2009).”
How does the context and design of participatory decision making processes affect their outcomes? Evidence from sustainable land management in global drylands (2014, background): “Although recently, Hurlbert and Gupta (2015) have conceptualized this continuum as a “split ladder” of participation, recognizing that low levels of participation may be acceptable or even desirable in contexts where little disagreement exists and decisions can be made easily without reference to…”