THE XMM-NEWTON WIDE-FIELD SURVEY IN THE COSMOS FIELD (XMM-COSMOS): DEMOGRAPHY AND MULTIWAVELENGTH PROPERTIES OF OBSCURED AND UNOBSCURED LUMINOUS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

By M. Brusa, F. Civano, A. Comastri, T. Miyaji, Mara Salvato, G. Zamorani, N. Cappelluti, Fabrizio Fiore, G. Hasinger, V. Mainieri and 57 more. 2010

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We report the final optical identifications of the medium-depth (∼60 ks), contiguous (2 deg2) XMM-Newton survey of the COSMOS field. XMM-Newton has detected ∼1800 X-ray sources down to limiting fluxes of ∼5 × 10−16, ∼3 × 10−15, and ∼7 × 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.5–2 keV, 2–10 keV, and 5–10 keV bands, respectively (∼1 × 10−15, ∼6 × 10−15, and ∼1 × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1, in the three bands, respectively, over 50% of the area). The work is complemented by an extensive collection of multiwavelength data from 24 μm to UV, available from the COSMOS survey, for each of the X-ray sources, including spectroscopic redshifts for ≳50% of the sample, and high-quality photometric redshifts for the rest. The XMM and multiwavelength flux limits are well matched: 1760 (98%) of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts, 1711 (∼95%) have IRAC counterparts, and 1394 (∼78%) have MIPS 24 μm detections. Thanks to the redshift completeness (almost 100%) we were able to constrain the high-luminosity tail of the X-ray luminosity function confirming that the peak of the number density of log LX > 44.5 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is at z ∼ 2. Spectroscopically identified obscured and unobscured AGNs, as well as normal and star-forming galaxies, present well-defined optical and infrared properties. We devised a robust method to identify a sample of ∼150 high-redshift (z > 1), obscured AGN candidates for which optical spectroscopy is not available. We were able to determine that the fraction of the obscured AGN population at the highest (LX > 1044 erg s−1) X-ray luminosity is ∼15%–30% when selection effects are taken into account, providing an important observational constraint for X-ray background synthesis. We studied in detail the optical spectrum and the overall spectral energy distribution of a prototypical Type 2 QSO, caught in a stage transitioning from being starburst dominated to AGN dominated, which was possible to isolate only thanks to the combination of X-ray and infrared observations.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

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Citations in the corpus

THE CHANDRA COSMOS LEGACY SURVEY: OVERVIEW AND POINT SOURCE CATALOG (2016, methodology): “As a comparison, 25 XMM-COSMOS sources (Brusa et al. 2010) were resolved into two separate C-COSMOS sources.”
Tracing the cosmic growth of supermassive black holes to z ∼ 3 with Herschel (2014, background): “However, these techniques have still to be tested on high redshift (z > 1) sizeable samples (Juneau et al. 2011; Trump et al. 2013) and are sensitive to comparatively large AGN-to-host flux ratios in the MIR domain (Barmby et al. 2006; Brusa et al. 2010; Donley et al. 2012).”
X-shooter reveals powerful outflows in z ∼ 1.5 X-ray selected obscured quasi-stellar objects (2014, methodology): “…a previous work based on XMM-Newton observations of the COSMOS field (Scoville et al. 2007) we proposed a criterion to isolate such very rare objects, on the basis of their observed red colors and high X-ray to optical and/or mid-infrared to optical flux ratios (Brusa et al. 2010, hereinafter B10).”
A TURNOVER IN THE GALAXY MAIN SEQUENCE OF STAR FORMATION AT M* ∼ 1010 M☉ FOR REDSHIFTS z < 1.3 (2015, methodology): “…have been used to study the main sequence, such as using emission lines combined with reddening corrections to infer the dustcorrected SFR (Brusa et al. 2010; Sobral et al. 2012; Zahid et al. 2012; Kashino et al. 2013) or measuring the UV or optical emission from young massive stars and…”
THE BULK OF THE BLACK HOLE GROWTH SINCE z ∼ 1 OCCURS IN A SECULAR UNIVERSE: NO MAJOR MERGER–AGN CONNECTION (2010, methodology): “We use the catalog presented in Brusa et al. (2010), which provides the most likely optical and infrared counterparts to the XMM sources based on a likelihood ratio technique (see Brusa et al. 2007 for details).”
THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF MASS-SELECTED GALAXIES IN THE COSMOS FIELD (2010, methodology): “Cross-matching the most recent XMM-COSMOS photo-z catalog (Salvato et al. 2009; Brusa et al. 2010) with the 3.6 µm selected parent sample delivered a total of 1,711 (i.e. ∼ 1”
Bolometric luminosities and Eddington ratios of X-ray selected active galactic nuclei in the XMM-COSMOS survey (2012, methodology): “We consider in this analysis 1577 X–ray selected sources for which a reliable optical counterpart can be associated (see discussion in Brusa et al. 2010, Table 1)3.”
THREE-YEAR SWIFT–BAT SURVEY OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: RECONCILING THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS? (2010, background): “For example, some studies (e.g., Ballantyne et al. 2006; Treister & Urry 2006; La Franca et al. 2005; Della Ceca et al. 2008; Winter et al. 2009a; Brusa et al. 2010) suggest that F% decreases with X-ray luminosity, while Dwelly & Page (2006) point to F% being independent of LX.”
Panchromatic spectral energy distributions of Herschel sources (2013, background): “All three are known X-ray sources (Luo et al. 2008, 2010; Brusa et al. 2010; Cappelluti et al. 2009) and two are detected at radio frequencies (Miller et al. 2008; Schinnerer et al. 2010).”
THE CHANDRA COSMOS SURVEY. III. OPTICAL AND INFRARED IDENTIFICATION OF X-RAY POINT SOURCES (2012, methodology): “Obscured AGN (NH >1022 cm−2) tend to populate the upper part of this plot and haveX/O > 1 (Perola et al. 2004, Civano et al. 2005, Brusa et al. 2010), while normal galaxies, detected at very faint X-ray fluxes, haveX/O < −2 (Xue et al. 2011).”
IDENTIFYING LUMINOUS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN DEEP SURVEYS: REVISED IRAC SELECTION CRITERIA (2012, methodology): “The full XMM-COSMOS sample of Brusa et al. (2010) contains 1797 sources, 93% of which have a spectroscopic or photometric redshift indicative of an extragalactic source.”
Accreting supermassive black holes in the COSMOS field and the connection to their host galaxies (2012, methodology): “…catalogue has been presented by Cappelluti et al. (2009), while the optical identifications and multiwavelength properties have been discussed by Brusa et al. (2010).1 The sources 1 In this paper, we use an improved version of the XMM–COSMOS identification catalogue with respect to the one…”
The mean star formation rate of X-ray selected active galaxies and its evolution from z~2.5: results from PEP-Herschel (2012, methodology): “…COSMOS, we used the XMM-Newton catalog compiled by Cappelluti et al. (2009) and the X-ray optical associations and derived properties presented in Brusa et al. (2010) in its updated version, which includes new redshifts from ongoing (mostly DEIMOS/KECK) spectroscopic campaigns and a few changes…”
A statistical relation between the X-ray spectral index and Eddington ratio of active galactic nuclei in deep surveys (2013, methodology): “R-band magnitudes were taken from Brusa et al. (2010) and Lehmer et al. (2005) for COSMOS and E-CDF-S, respectively.”
The incidence of obscuration in active galactic nuclei (2013, methodology): “Here, we present a study of the obscuration properties of a very large sample of 1310 AGN selected in the XMM-COSMOS field (Hasinger et al. 2007) on the basis of their X-ray luminosity.”