Photoinhibition in lichens depends on cortical characteristics and hydration

By Y. Gauslaa, K. Solhaug. The Lichenologist, 2004

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Viability of the lichen Xanthoria elegans and its symbionts after 18 months of space exposure and simulated Mars conditions on the ISS (2014, background): “…encrusted cortex of X. elegans constitutes 8% of the total thallus thickness (Meeßen et al. 2013b) hence the additional quantity of secondary metabolites is adding to the insolation protection of the sensitive PB, more than e.g. sole cortex thickness (Dietz et al. 2000; Gauslaa & Solhaug 2004).”
UV triggers the synthesis of the widely distributed secondary lichen compound usnic acid (2006, background): “Usnic acid, common in the Lecanorales, is induced by the same factors (UVR and ribitol) as parietin in the Teloschistales (Solhaug et al. 2003; Gauslaa and Solhaug 2004), although the strongly coloured parietin seems to function mainly as a PAR screen rather than a UV-B screen (Gauslaa and Ustvedt 2”