Mechanisms of Cellular Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides

By F. Madani, Staffan Lindberg, Ü. Langel, S. Futaki, A. Gräslund. Journal of Biophysics, 2011

965 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Recently, much attention has been given to the problem of drug delivery through the cell-membrane in order to treat and manage several diseases. The discovery of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) represents a major breakthrough for the transport of large-cargo molecules that may be useful in clinical applications. CPPs are rich in basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine and are able to translocate over membranes and gain access to the cell interior. They can deliver large-cargo molecules, such as oligonucleotides, into cells. Endocytosis and direct penetration have been suggested as the two major uptake mechanisms, a subject still under debate. Unresolved questions include the detailed molecular uptake mechanism(s), reasons for cell toxicity, and the delivery efficiency of CPPs for different cargoes. Here, we give a review focused on uptake mechanisms used by CPPs for membrane translocation and certain experimental factors that affect the mechanism(s).

Subfields: Microbiology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c001e31b405ef63eb46cb32d819779e6a364816c

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In Microbiology

1. D. Ren
2. A. A. Bahar

In Molecular Biology

1. Geoffrey D. Miller
2. Carol S. Lim
3. B. Bruno
4. Cherine Bechara
5. D. Ren
6. S. Sagan
7. A. A. Bahar
8. R. Juliano

Citations in the corpus

• Cell-penetrating peptides: design, synthesis, and applications. (2014, background): “tween the cationic CPPs and negatively charged extracellular matrix result in a carpeting and thinning of the membrane, respectively.(77) Endocytosis is believed to”
• Cell‐penetrating peptides: 20 years later, where do we stand? (2013, background): “, their amphipathicity [7], or their hydrophobicity [8]).”
• Antimicrobial Peptides (2013, background): “Two such mechanisms have been reported: direct penetration and endocystosis [114].”
• Basics and recent advances in peptide and protein drug delivery (2013, positive): “While receptor-mediated endocytosis relies on clathrin, caveolin, or both for internalization, macropinocytois may be internalized regardless of cell receptor status [200].”