The Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm

By David Schwartz, Noah Youngs, A. Britto. 2014

673 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bff4ecdd2c40bb67abab8d49e99c81287a7b2810

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Citations in the corpus

Centrally Banked Cryptocurrencies (2015, methodology): “The RSCoin framework is also related to the approaches adopted by Ripple and Stellar, although the underlying consensus mechanisms [26, 17] and goals of the systems are quite diﬀerent.”
The Honey Badger of BFT Protocols (2016, background): ““Confederation cryptocurrency” is an oft-cited vision [24, 25, 48], where a conglomerate of financial institutions jointly contribute to a Byzantine agreement protocol to allow fast and robust settlement of transactions.”
Applications of Blockchains in the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey (2019, methodology): “Ripple carries out multiple rounds of voting, where nodes assemble transactions into candidate blocks and broadcast them to the nodes in their UNL.”
Towards Scaling Blockchain Systems via Sharding (2018, background): “ quantify their performance against data-intensive blockchain workloads. For 1https://blockchain.info/stats 1 arXiv:1804.00399v1 [cs.DC] 2 Apr 2018 BFT [16] Lottery-based: PoW, PoS [50, 14] Federated [43, 55] A2M [18], TrInc [39], MinBFT [61], Hybster [11] Coco [8] Elastico [41], ChainSpace [9] Omni”
A Survey of Blockchain Technology Applied to Smart Cities: Research Issues and Challenges (2019, background): “Mechanisms such as PoS, DPoS and some BFT-related algorithms (e.g., PBFT, Tendermint and Ripple) have been presented.”
Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey (2018, background): “Ripple [74] is a consensus algorithm that utilizes collectively-trusted subnetworks within the larger network.”
A Blockchain Research Framework (2017, background): “Back et al. 2014; Buterin 2014a; Nakamoto 2008; Rosenfeld 2012; Schwartz et al. 2014; Wood 2014), but we refer readers to detailed extant discussions of these papers (Tschorsch and Scheuermann 2016; Yli-Huumo et al. 2016).”
A Secure Sharding Protocol For Open Blockchains (2016, methodology): “1 The protocol can support the same blockchain data structure format (a hash-chain) as Bitcoin; but, for further scalability, we propose a modiﬁcation that permits better efﬁciency parameters.”
Bitcoin and Beyond: A Technical Survey on Decentralized Digital Currencies (2016, background): “Ripple’s consensus algorithm achieves 5 f + 1 resilience [200].”
SoK: Research Perspectives and Challenges for Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies (2015, background): “to choose which authorities to trust [105] or provisioning for coin owners to choose their trusted authorities every time they spend coins [22].”
CreditCoin: A Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-Based Incentive Announcement Network for Communications of Smart Vehicles (2018, background): “Therefore, it is widely applied [25, 26] in the digital currency of decentralized networks and Sybil-tolerant systems.”
Blockchain Consensus Protocols in the Wild (2017, methodology): “Ripple states that the overlap should be at least 1 / 5 of the size of the larger list [65].”
Batching Techniques for Accumulators with Applications to IOPs and Stateless Blockchains (2019, methodology): “Note that a may produce many (e.g. n ) membership witnesses at once in O ( n log( n )) time using the Cre-ateAllMemWit algorithm Accounts commitment Some currencies such as Ethereum [Woo14] or Stellar [SYB14] use an account-based system where the state is a key-value map.”
Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things (2016, unknown): “Ripple’s [34] consensus algorithm [35] uses ‘‘collectivelytrusted subnetworks’’ called ‘‘Unique Node Lists’’ (UNL) to deal with the high latency that usually characterizes”
A Survey about Consensus Algorithms Used in Blockchain (2018, methodology): “Ripple [76-78] Transactions verified by a node are broadcasted to others in his own defined list.”
Virtual Relationships: Short- and Long-run Evidence from BitCoin and Altcoin Markets (2017, background): “…efficient compared to several minutes required by the PoW systems as well as the mechanism is decoupled from the coin ownership as in the case of the PoS, thus avoiding the need for holding a stake in the virtual currency (Schwartz, Youngs, and Britto, 2014; Farell, 2015; Seibold and Samman, 2016).”
A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things (2018, methodology): “• The Ripple consensus algorithm [136] was proposed to reduce the high latencies found in many blockchains, which are in part due to the use of synchronous communications among the nodes.”
Enhancing Bitcoin Security and Performance with Strong Consistency via Collective Signing (2016, background): “Although increasing the consistency of cryptocurrencies has been suggested before [17, 19, 43, 52, 56], existing proposals give up Bitcoin’s decentralization, and/or introduce new and non-intuitive security assumptions, and/or lack experimental evidence of performance and scalability.”