CNN-Based Learnable Gammatone Filterbank and Equal-Loudness Normalization for Environmental Sound Classification

By Hyunsin Park, Chang-Dong Yoo. 2020

50 citations recorded by the source corpus.

For environmental sound classification (ESC), this letter presents a learnable auditory filterbank based on a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network with strong psychophysiological inductive bias in the form of a gammatone filterbank and an equal-loudness prompting normalization. In the past, a number of ESC methods based on learnable auditory features obtained by performing plain 1D convolutions on raw input waveforms for outperforming traditional handcrafted features such as a mel-frequency filterbank have been proposed. However, the large number of parameters involved in the convolutions suggests that these methods will not generalize better than a model defined by a smaller number of parameters, which is considered in this letter. Here, a learnable gammatone filterbank layer consisting of 1D kernels represented by a parametric form of the bandpass gammatone filters is proposed for acquiring a time-frequency representation of the raw waveform. A normalization with learnable parameters that control the trade-off between energy equalization and structure preservation in the spectro-temporal domain is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the considered network and the normalization, ESC experiments on the ESC-50 and UrbanSound8K datasets were conducted. Compared to other state-of-the-art networks, the considered network performed better on the two datasets. In addition, an ensemble architecture achieved further performance improvement.

Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Signal Processing

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Citations in the corpus

FSD50K: An Open Dataset of Human-Labeled Sound Events (2020, methodology): “In this context, the proposed dataset supports several approaches such as learning sound event representations directly from waveforms [88, 89]; analysis of label noise mitigation methods leveraging the non-exhaustive labeling of the dev set [32, 42, 90]; multimodal approaches using audio and text…”