MILAGRO OBSERVATIONS OF MULTI-TeV EMISSION FROM GALACTIC SOURCES IN THE FERMI BRIGHT SOURCE LIST

By A. Abdo, B. Allen, T. Aune, D. Berley, C. Chen, G. Christopher, T. DeYoung, B. Dingus, R. Ellsworth, M. González and 20 more. 2009

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We present the result of a search of the Milagro sky map for spatial correlations with sources from a subset of the recent Fermi Bright Source List (BSL). The BSL consists of the 205 most significant sources detected above 100 MeV by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We select sources based on their categorization in the BSL, taking all confirmed or possible Galactic sources in the field of view of Milagro. Of the 34 Fermi sources selected, 14 are observed by Milagro at a significance of 3 standard deviations or more. We conduct this search with a new analysis which employs newly optimized gamma-hadron separation and utilizes the full eight-year Milagro data set. Milagro is sensitive to gamma rays with energy from 1 to 100 TeV with a peak sensitivity from 10 to 50 TeV depending on the source spectrum and declination. These results extend the observation of these sources far above the Fermi energy band. With the new analysis and additional data, multi-TeV emission is definitively observed associated with the Fermi pulsar, J2229.0+6114, in the Boomerang pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Furthermore, an extended region of multi-TeV emission is associated with the Fermi pulsar, J0634.0+1745, the Geminga pulsar.

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Citations in the corpus

FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE FIRST SOURCE CATALOG (2010, methodology): “7−7037 which is also associated with PKS 0601−70, a blazar that was significantly variable during the time span of the 1FGL catalog (Abdo et al. 2009f).”
Gamma-rays from molecular clouds illuminated by cosmic rays escaping from interacting supernova remnants (2010, background): “Comparison of the model results (solid line) with Fermi (red) (Abdo et al. 2009b) and HESS (blue) (Fiasson et al. 2009) observations for SNR W51C.”
THE FIRST FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS (2009, methodology): “The majority of the data are collected at 1398 MHz, while for MSPs in particular, observations are duplicated at 2048 MHz to allow DM monitoring.”
FERMI LAT DISCOVERY OF EXTENDED GAMMA-RAY EMISSION IN THE DIRECTION OF SUPERNOVA REMNANT W51C (2009, methodology): “The details of the LAT and data processing are given in Atwood et al. (2009), and the on-orbit calibration is described in Abdo et al. (2009b).”
The population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae in the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (2017, methodology): “The MILAGRO and HAWC observations of the ancient Geminga PWN indicate a multi-TeV nebula (Abdo et al. 2009; Baughman et al. 2015), presumably with a high-peaking spectrum, despite its age of ∼300 kyr.”
The 2HWC HAWC Observatory Gamma-Ray Catalog (2017, methodology): “On the other hand, the Geminga PWN, which was first observed at TeV energies by the Milagro collaboration (Abdo et al. 2009), is detected by HAWC with an extent of about 2° and a hard spectral index around −2.”
THE FIRST FERMI-LAT CATALOG OF SOURCES ABOVE 10 GeV (2013, background): “In the case of Vela, another feature that is apparent in the high-energy profile (see Figure 19) is an energy-dependent shift of the position of the third (“middle”) peak, which moves toward the second peak with increasing energy, as reported by Abdo et al. (2009h).”
Sensitivity of the high altitude water Cherenkov detector to sources of multi-TeV gamma rays (2013, unknown): “ but it will be detectable with HAWC after only a year of data-taking if the spectrum is as hard as the VERITAS error bars allow. Particularly intriguing for IC 443 is the Milagro 3σ excess at 35 TeV [34], which, if conﬁrmed, is 10 times larger than anticipated from extrapolating the central values ”
EIGHT γ-RAY PULSARS DISCOVERED IN BLIND FREQUENCY SEARCHES OF FERMI LAT DATA (2010, methodology): “…of the new pulsars (shown136 with unfilled triangles), compared with the previously known γ-ray selected pulsars (shown as solid137 triangles) (Abdo et al. 2009b) and the total known pulsar population.138 Figures 2-9 show the folded light curves (two rotations, for clarity, and 32 bins per…”
Searches for Extended and Point-like Neutrino Sources with Four Years of IceCube Data (2014, background): “The catalog contains four SNRs associated with molecular clouds in the northern sky (Abdo et al. 2007, 2009a, 2009b, 2010; Ackermann et al. 2013; Fiasson et al. 2009) that were previously considered in Aartsen et al. (2013c), and six newly introduced sources from SNRCat in the southern sky.”