Centrifuging of Hydrometeors and Debris in Tornadoes: Radar-Reflectivity Patterns and Wind-Measurement Errors

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Using a low-order model to detect and characterize tornadoes in multiple-Doppler radar data (2006, unknown): “Dowell et al. (2005) and Wurman and Alexander (2005) used an axisymmetric, translating vortex model to retrieve velocity proﬁles in a DOW-observed tornado at successive volume-scan times.”
The Three-Dimensional Structure and Evolution of a Tornado Boundary Layer (2013, methodology): “Doppler on Wheels (DOW; Wurman et al. 1997; Wurman 2001, 2008) radar data in one tornado did not reveal inﬂow ; 30 m AGL (WG00), but it was suggested that centrifuging of debris (Dowell et al. 2005) may have masked the convergence signature.”
Close-Range Observations of Tornadoes in Supercells Made with a Dual-Polarization, X-Band, Mobile Doppler Radar (2007, background): “5 dB) that were centrifuged radially outward (Snow 1984; Dowell et al. 2005), while the spiral bands were composed of hydrometeors (Z 40–50 dBZ and ZDR 1.”
Polarimetric Signatures in Supercell Thunderstorms (2008, background): “Though centrifuging raindrops out of tornadoes can cause ringlike in radar variables (Dowell et al. 2005), the length and velocity scales of mesocy-clones result in the rather weak centrifuging of rain-drops.”