Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Anthropocene Defaunation

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Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines (2017, background): “This suggests that, even if there was not ample sign that the crisis extends far beyond that group of animals, today’s planetary defaunation of vertebrates will itself promote cascading catastrophic effects on ecosystems, worsening the annihilation of nature (2, 3, 46).”
High mammal species turnover in forest patches immersed in biofuel plantations (2017, background): “…in high levels of defaunation throughout theAtlantic Forest (Canale et al., 2012; Galetti et al., 2016a), especially the loss of large-bodied vertebrates, which may lead to severe consequences in forest composition and function through ecological cascades (Dirzo et al., 2014; Young et al., 2016).”
Defaunation and biomass collapse of mammals in the largest Atlantic forest remnant (2017, background): “…have experienced species losses and populations are declining due to hunting activities for commercial, subsistence or animal trade (Peres & Palacios, 2007; Young et al., 2016) with an estimate of 5 ton harvest each year in the Amazon and Afrotropical rainforests (Fa, Peres & Meeuwig, 2002).”