Sorting the Sheep from the Goats: Morphological Distinctions between the Mandibles and Mandibular Teeth of AdultOvis and Capra

By P. Halstead, P. Collins, V. Isaakidou. 2002

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Collagen fingerprinting of archaeological bone and teeth remains from Domuztepe, South Eastern Turkey (2011, unknown): “…present morphological distinctions between sheep and goat bones (e.g. Boessneck 1969; Payne 1969; Payne 1985; Prummel and Frisch 1986), although more recent studies have both expanded and tested these earlier works (Halstead et al. 2002; Helmer 2000; Zeder and Lapham 2010; Zeder and Pilaar 2010).”
Domesticating Animals in Africa: Implications of Genetic and Archaeological Findings (2011, result): “This task is greatly facilitated by more recent publications that permit more reliable distinctions than previously (cf. Balasse and Ambrose 2005; Zeder and Pilaar 2010; Helmer 2000; Halstead et al. 2002).”
Seasonality and season of birth of modern and late Neolithic sheep from south-eastern France using tooth enamel δ18O analysis (2011, background): “The distinction between both species was performed according to morphological criteria (Balasse and Ambrose 2005; Helmer 2000; Halstead et al. 2002; Payne 1985).”
Stable isotope insights (δ18O, δ13C) into cattle and sheep husbandry at Bercy (Paris, France, 4th millennium BC): birth seasonality and winter leaf foddering (2012, background): “Within the caprine tooth rows, they were distinguished from goats from morphological criteria (Balasse and Ambrose 2005; Payne 1985; Helmer 2000; Halstead et al. 2002).”