Fundamental mechanisms of the growth and decay of the PNA teleconnection pattern

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The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay (2003, methodology): “(b) Stream-function-tendency equation In this study, a composite analysis of each term in the stream-function-tendency equation (Cai and van den Dool 1994; Feldstein 1998a, 2002; Franzke et al. 2001) is performed.”
Is the North Atlantic Oscillation a Breaking Wave (2004, background): “The first concept is not inconsistent with the finding that the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern can be understood as a linear initial-value problem (Cash and Lee 2001; Feldstein 2002).”
The Growth and Triggering Mechanisms of the PNA : A MJO-PNA Coherence (2008, background): “This result is consistent with some previous studies (e.g., Simmons et al. 1983; Branstator 1990, 1992; Kimoto et al. 2001; Feldstein 2002; Watanabe and Jin 2004), In addition, for the negative phase of the PNA, the interaction among low-frequency anomalies (ξ5) contributes to the growth.”