Vitamin D supplementation improves cytokine profiles in patients with congestive heart failure: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

By S. S. Schleithoff, A. Zittermann, G. Tenderich, H. Berthold, P. Stehle, R. Koerfer. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006

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Vitamin D supplementation reduces insulin resistance in South Asian women living in New Zealand who are insulin resistant and vitamin D deficient – a randomised, placebo-controlled trial (2009, background): “CRP is considered to be a useful biomarker for the presence of TNF-a and IL-6.”
Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography. (2008, background): “Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D may be cardioprotective by its antiinflammatory effects that were confirmed in an interventional trial with 1,25(OH)2D in heart failure patients (30).”
Systematic Review: Vitamin D and Cardiometabolic Outcomes (2010, background): “Net Change in Systolic Blood Pressure From Baseline, mm Hg –20 –10 0 10 110 130 120 140 150 Scragg et al, 1995 (27) Pfeifer et al, 2001 (30) Sugden et al, 2008 (17) Jorde et al, 2009 (22) Krause et al, 1998 (33) Margolis et al, 2008 (32) Zittermann et al, 2009 (20) Schleithoff et al, 2006 (28) Nagpa”
Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. (2014, background): “Furthermore 2 clinical trials of the effects of vitamin D in heart failure did not report any significant clinical benefits.(118,119) An alternative suggestion is that low 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure, an effect mediated by activation of RA”