Discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas–solid fluidised beds

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Discrete particle simulation of particle–fluid flow: model formulations and their applicability (2010, methodology): “Kafui et al. (2002) discussed model A and model B, and summarized the models used by different research groups.”
Extended CFD–DEM for free‐surface flow with multi‐size granules (2016, background): “For instance, the pressure-based buoyancy force exerted on a particle measuring Vp in volume is Vp( ∇p+∇ τ), which has been implicitly integrated into the momentum equation of fluid after replacing Vp with (1 αf) [8, 25].”
The influence of particle shape on flow modes in pneumatic conveying (2011, unknown): “The original form of the constitutive equations was derived by Anderson and Jackson (1967), and are given in a ‘pressure gradient force’ (PGF) form by Kafui et al. (2002) as: ∂(ǫρg) ∂t + ∇ · (ǫρgu) = 0 (14) ∂(ǫρgu) ∂t + ∇ · (ǫρguu) = −ǫ∇p − fgp −∇ · (ǫτ ) + ǫρgg (15) where ǫ is the local bed…”
Energy absorption during compression and impact of dry elastic-plastic spherical granules (2010, unknown): “flow behaviour and discharge of silos [8,49,50], filling and packing [111], shearing [25,35,47,61,103], heap formation [13,36,65], bed configuration and loading conditions in fall mills [63,69,105], compression behaviour [68,78], mixing and transportation [12,27,44,52,54,107], fluidised bed processe”