Scope and Method of Statistics

By H. Westergaard. 1916

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Standardization and Control for Confounding in Observational Studies: A Historical Perspective (2015, methodology): “When Westergaard (1916) finally presented his views on statistics in English, the printed comments in what we now call JASA were supplemented by a detailed review by Edgeworth (1917) for the Royal Statistical Society.”
Transportability across studies: A formal approach (2011, background): “(1) may be regarded as a routine application of “standardization” – a statistical extrapolation method that can be traced back to a century-old tradition in demography and political arithmetic (Westergaard, 1916; Yule, 1934; Lane and Nelder, 1982; Cole and Stuart, 2010).”