Nonlinear response of the vacuum Rabi resonance

By Lev S. Bishop, Jerry M. Chow, Jens Koch, Andrew A. Houck, Michel H. Devoret, E. Thuneberg, Steven M. Girvin, Robert J. Schoelkopf. 2008

233 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The exploration of the Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian in a circuit-QED system—where an ‘artificial atom’ made of a superconducting circuit is strongly coupled to a microwave field—provides direct evidence for nonlinearities due to quantum mechanics on the level of single atoms and photons. On the level of single atoms and photons, the coupling between atoms and the electromagnetic field is typically very weak. By using a cavity to confine the field, the strength of this interaction can be increased by many orders of magnitude, to a point where it dominates over any dissipative process. This strong-coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics1,2 has been reached for real atoms in optical cavities3, and for artificial atoms in circuit quantum electrodynamics4 and quantum dot systems5,6. A signature of strong coupling is the splitting of the cavity transmission peak into a pair of resolvable peaks when a single resonant atom is placed inside the cavity, an effect known as vacuum Rabi splitting. The circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture is ideally suited for going beyond this linear-response effect. Here, we show that increasing the drive power results in two unique nonlinear features in the transmitted heterodyne signal: the supersplitting of each vacuum Rabi peak into a doublet and the appearance of extra peaks with the characteristic spacing of the Jaynes–Cummings ladder. These findings constitute direct evidence for the coupling between the quantized microwave field and the anharmonic spectrum of a superconducting qubit acting as an artificial atom.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bcb09ef06feeebae0bd1423a60938b47899f73e8

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Citations in the corpus

Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interferometry (2009, unknown): “Multiphoton transitions in the multilevel system formed by the dressed states of a qubit coupled to a quantum resonator were demonstrated in (Bishop et al., 2009; Fink et al., 2009).”
Strongly correlated photons on a chip (2011, background): “Various implementations of cavity-QED systems have been reported with atoms in high finesse cavities [8], with quantum dots (QDs) in different types of monolithic cavities [9–12] and in the microwave domain [13–15].”
Ultrastrong coupling regimes of light-matter interaction (2018, unknown): “The early experiments used capacitive (Bishop et al., 2008; Schuster et al., 2007) or mutual geometric inductive couplings (Chiorescu et al., 2004; Johansson et al., 2006), which yielded interaction strengths in the strong coupling regime.”
Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits (2017, methodology): “Such doubly dressed states have also been studied in experiments with SQCs [334, 339].”
Observation of the Photon-Blockade Breakdown Phase Transition (2016, background): “The situation is even more complicated due to the additional transmon levels which lead to an asymmetry of the observed spectra [5,6].”
Dynamics of Many-Body Photon Bound States in Chiral Waveguide QED (2019, background): “Recently however, significant progress has been made in creating an ideal light–matter interface between atoms or artificial emitters coupled to a one-dimensional continuum of photons at optical [4– 6] and microwave frequencies [7–9].”
Breakdown of Photon Blockade: A Dissipative Quantum Phase Transition in Zero Dimensions (2013, unknown): “function of increasing drive strength [8].”
Cluster mean-field approach to the steady-state phase diagram of dissipative spin systems (2016, background): “A similar kind of behavior can be seen in a driven two-level system [81,82], where increasing driving enhances the population but suppresses the purity of the system, leading to a suppression of the homodyne amplitude jhσ−ij and of the purity when driven on resonance.”