Modeling the Unsaturated Flow in Liquid Composite Molding Processes: A Review and Some Thoughts

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Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance (2018, background): “absorbing the resin even after its front has passed them.(60) Simacek and Advani(61) modeled this sink term by appending extra one-dimensional (1D) elements to the conventional mesh in a finite element (FE)/control volume approach.”
Uncertainty in the manufacturing of fibrous thermosetting composites: A review (2014, background): “Significant deviations can be observed between the saturated and unsaturated flow technique due to transient capillary effects during wetting flow experiments [31,83,84,89].”
Modeling and simulation of voids and saturation in liquid composite molding processes (2011, background): “However, it has been reported that the existence of voids may alter the global resin flow pattern: injection pressure drooping in the case of constant flow rate injection and non-linear pressure profile in the partially saturated zone [30–32].”
Modeling void formation and unsaturated flow in liquid composite molding processes: a survey and review (2011, background): “It also should be noted that some authors insist that microvoids are formed only in the case of fabric reinforcements with double-scale porosity, such as woven, non-crimp, and stitched fabrics.(26,28,29,30) However, microvoid formation has been reported in the case of random strand mats with single-”