Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019‐nCoV

By Jared S. Morse, T. Lalonde, Shiqing Xu, W. Liu. ChemBioChem, 2020

761 citations recorded by the source corpus.

With the current trajectory of the 2019‐nCoV outbreak unknown, public health and medicinal measures will both be needed to contain spreading of the virus and to optimize patient outcomes. Although little is known about the virus, an examination of the genome sequence shows strong homology with its better‐studied cousin, SARS‐CoV. The spike protein used for host cell infection shows key nonsynonymous mutations that might hamper the efficacy of previously developed therapeutics but remains a viable target for the development of biologics and macrocyclic peptides. Other key drug targets, including RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase and coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro), share a strikingly high (>95 %) homology to SARS‐CoV. Herein, we suggest four potential drug candidates (an ACE2‐based peptide, remdesivir, 3CLpro‐1 and a novel vinylsulfone protease inhibitor) that could be used to treat patients suffering with the 2019‐nCoV. We also summarize previous efforts into drugging these targets and hope to help in the development of broad‐spectrum anti‐coronaviral agents for future epidemics.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc4fc4fb6f5fda5e7e8a02f0257bff6f84189615

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Citations in the corpus

• Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases (2020, background): “16 To date, there are no SARS-CoV-2-specific antiviral agents.”
• COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention (2020, background): “Since SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, any vaccines, effective against other RNA viruses such as measles, polio, encephalitis B and influenza, could be the most promising alternatives (Lu, 2020; Liu et al., 2020) .”
• The SARS-CoV-2 main protease as drug target (2020, neutral): “The influence of the S46A mutation on shape, size, flexibility and plasticity of the active site and its relevance for inhibitor design is under debate.(87,88) As the monomer of Mpro is principally regarded as inactive, the di-”
• Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and Development Leading to Emergency Use Authorization for Treatment of COVID-19 (2020, background): “The consequence is that drug repositioning and repurposing has received a significant amount of attention, 31 and approved agents including hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ritonavir, ruxolitinib, and camostat have entered clinical trials to address the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (Figure 1 ).”
• Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT? (2020, background): “The incubation period of the disease is generally 3-7 days, but no longer than 14 days [5, [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] .”