When is Faith Enough? The Effects of Religious Involvement on Depression

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Does Spirituality or Religion Positively Affect Mental Health? Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies (2020, background): “However, the two other studies found more depression with high and low religious salience (Schnittker, 2001), and with extremely high and low private religiosity (King et al., 2007).”
Subjective Religiosity and Depression in the Transition to Adulthood (2005, background): “Some investigations have suggested a curvilinear relationship between religiosity and depression (Ross 1990; Schnittker 2001; Shaver, Lenauer, and Sadd 1980), but, surprisingly, the direction of this relationship has differed by study.”
Mental well-being in the religious and the non-religious: evidence for a curvilinear relationship (2011, background): “Several other authors have also found complex curvilinear relationships between religiosity and mental health by clearly separating the weakly religious and completely non-religious (Diener & Clifton, 2002; Maselko & Buka, 2008; Schnittker, 2001).”
Religiousness and depression: evidence for a main effect and the moderating influence of stressful life events. (2003, background): “Theory development in the study of religion and mental health would benefit greatly from knowing whether the religious involvement-depressive symptoms relationship is consistent with the main effect hypothesis, the buffering hypothesis, or both (Schnittker, 2001).”