Are neighbourhood characteristics associated with depressive symptoms? A review of evidence

By C. Mair, A. Roux, S. Galea. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2008

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Neighborhood Built Environment and Income: Examining Multiple Health Outcomes (2009, background): “A recent review reported some studies found built environment factors were related to depressive symptomatology, but the evidence base was small for any specific built environment characteristic, such as walkability ( Mair, Diez Roux, & Galea, 2008; Clark, Stansfeld, & Candy, 2006).”
Ageing and Urbanization: Can Cities be Designed to Foster Active Ageing? (2010, background): “A similar review of the impact of the urban environment on mental health identified 45 studies, of which 37 reported positive associations.(50) The most consistent environmental predictor in the studies identified was neighbourhood socioeconomic status.”
The Effect of Local Area Crime on Mental Health (2016, neutral): “Several non-experimental studies – almost entirely based on cross-sectional analysis - find significant associations between the mental health of residents and aspects of the neighbourhood environment.7 Based on the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment, a randomized experiment on residential mobil”