Global Rare Earth In‐Use Stocks in NdFeB Permanent Magnets

By Xiaoyue Du, Thomas E. Graedel. 2011

229 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Geochemistry and Petrology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbb3df60715644fe80079bbd88c3c26902ec8e18

How researchers see this paper

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In Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

1. Oliver Gutfleisch
2. P. Jones
3. K. Binnemans
4. J. Coey

In Geochemistry and Petrology

1. K. Binnemans
2. P. Jones
3. Fu Zhao
4. J. Navarro

In Molecular Biology

1. P. Jones
2. K. Binnemans

Citations in the corpus

• Rare Earths and the Balance Problem (2015, background): “Recently, several research groups started to address this issue (Alonso et al., 2012; Du and Graedel 2011a; Du and Graedel 2011b; Du and Graedel 2011c; Du and Graedel 2013; Nansai et al. 2014; Rademaker et al. 2013).”
• REE Recovery from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnet Scrap: A Critical Review (2017, methodology): “According to the estimations of Du and Graedel [49], global in-use stocks for four REEs in NdFeB permanent magnets, i.e., neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), terbium (Tb), and dysprosium (Dy), amount to a total of 97.0 kilotons (kt): 62.6 kt Nd, 15.7 kt Pr, 15.7 kt Dy, and 3.1 kt Tb.”
• Assessing the need for critical minerals to shift the German energy system towards a high proportion of renewables (2015, methodology): “For this reason, we derive the current material demand by combining the weight of permanent magnets (kg/MW) [16,55–61] with the material composition of REE magnets (kg/kg) [16,57,59–62].”
• Perspectives for the recovery of rare earths from end-of-life fluorescent lamps (2014, background): “More efforts have been devoted to the inventory of rare earths in permanent magnets([25,26]).”
• Life-Cycle Assessment of the Production of Rare-Earth Elements for Energy Applications: A Review (2014, background): “Between the years 1995 and 2007, the in-use stock of REOs increased from 80 to 120 million killograms per year, with some REEs (Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb) tripling in the same time span (Du and Graedel, 2011a).”