LiF/Al cathodes and the effect of LiF thickness on the device characteristics and built-in potential of polymer light-emitting diodes

By Thomas M. Brown, R. Friend, I. S. Millard, D. Lacey, J. Burroughes, Franco Cacialli. 2000

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Organic solar cells: An overview (2004, background): “Interfacial layers are often proposed for the lowering of these barriers as shown by the insertion of an ultrathin (<1 nm) layer of LiF between the metal cathodes and the organic semiconductor in LED type devices,(162,163) which resulted in a lower cathode work funtion.(182,183) LiF also improved th”
Solution-processable polymeric solar cells: A review on materials, strategies and cell architectures to overcome 10% (2015, methodology): “The use of interfacial materials dates back from the very beginning of the OLED development when PEDOT:PSS, calcium (Ca), and LiF were initially used with the objective of modifying and improving the charge injection properties from the purely metallic electrodes to the emitting semiconductor [117–1”