Effects of elevated temperature exposure on heating characteristics, spalling, and residual properties of high performance concrete

By L. Phan, J. R. Lawson, F. L. Davis. 2001

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The effects of high temperature on compressive and flexural strengths of ordinary and high-performance concrete (2006, background): “Fewer studies have been carried out with high-performance concrete than with ordinary concrete [23,27–32].”
Geopolymer and Portland cement concretes in simulated fire (2011, background): “It has also been concluded by many researchers (Bazant and Thonguthai, 1979; Harada and Terai, 1997; Khoury, 2000; Phan et al., 2001) that concrete spalling is caused by the combination of pore pressures and differential thermal stresses.”
Study on mechanism of thermal spalling in concrete exposed to elevated temperatures (2011, background): “Actually, under the same conditions (mix proportion, moisture content and heating regime), spalling only occurred in few of a group of specimens [2, 7, 14, 15, 20, 21 ].”
Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at elevated temperatures (2012, background): “Xiao and Ko¨nig [18], Mahdy et al. [21] and Phan et al. [22] reported similar ﬁndings.”