Junk-food in marine ecosystems

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Human Involvement in Food Webs (2010, background): “In the “junk food” hypothesis (98), overfishing of apex predators cascades through mesopredator, planktivorous fish to seabirds as well as to marine mammals in a variety of ecosystems.”
Proximate composition and energy content of forage species from the Bay of Biscay: high- or low-quality food? (2010, background): “in marine ecosystems (Österblom et al., 2008), this study provides Page 2 of 7 J.”
Central-Place Foraging in an Arctic Seabird Provides Evidence for Storer-Ashmole's Halo (2009, background): “…when feeding rates were constant (3–15 days), the relationship between distance and prey energy content was driven largely by differences in the composition of prey species rather than energy content within species, which is very different from findings in other ecosystems (Österblom et al. 2008).”
Local depletion by a fishery can affect seabird foraging (2012, background): “Seabirds scavenging on fishery discard, and possibly suffering from a junk food effect (Grémillet et al. 2008; Österblom et al. 2008; Mullers et al. 2009), is also unlikely to be relevant here because (i) seabirds do not generally scavenge on fishing vessel discards in the HCS (Weichler et al.…”