Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis: why, what and how.

By R. Sheldon, S. van Pelt. Chemical Society Reviews, 2013

2,133 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).

Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b9e7b0ccf3d22ffaa91a52911ac4ebd776c315f3

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In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. Razi Ahmad
2. Anne S. Meyer
3. Randall Q. Snurr
4. J. Zdarta
5. T. Jesionowski
6. J. Hupp
7. O. Farha
8. M. Sardar

In Molecular Biology

1. Razi Ahmad
2. Anne S. Meyer
3. Randall Q. Snurr
4. J. Zdarta
5. T. Jesionowski
6. O. Farha
7. M. Sardar
8. M. Pinelo

Citations in the corpus

• Enzyme Immobilization: An Overview on Nanoparticles as ImmobilizationMatrix (2015, background): “It has been noticed that advances in organic chemistry and molecular biology have led to the development of some very powerful, efficient, site-specific, and important applications of anchoring proteins onto supports [30-32].”
• Toward Design Rules for Enzyme Immobilization in Hierarchical Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks (2016, background): “Advances in protein engineering have led to enzymes with enhanced catalytic performance, yet their use industrially is often hampered by the lack of long-term stability, recyclability, and efficient recovery.(2) These issues can be overcome by using a solid support to immobilize the enzymes and shie”
• A general overview of support materials for enzyme immobilization: Characteristics, properties, practical utility (2018, background): “The support should protect the enzyme structure against harsh reaction conditions and thus help the immobilized enzyme to retain high catalytic activity [9].”