Elevated temperature reduces survivorship and settlement of the larvae of the Caribbean scleractinian coral, Favia fragum (Esper)

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Plasticity of larval pre-competency in response to temperature: observations on multiple broadcast spawning coral species (2010, background): “…can also be accompanied by increases in mortality of larvae and juveniles (Edmunds et al. 2001; Nozawa and Harrison 2007), and the behaviour and survival of coral larvae can be negatively impacted at temperatures only 3 C above ambient (Bassim and Sammarco 2003; Randall and Szmant 2009).”
The physiological and molecular responses of larvae from the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis exposed to near-future increases in temperature and pCO2 (2012, background): “2001), settlement success (Randall and Szmant 2009), and survivorship (Edmunds et al.”
Temperature affects the early life history stages of corals more than near future ocean acidification (2013, background): “Temperatures of +2°C above ambient levels have little effect on metamorphosis, and both increases (Coles 1985) or de creases (Randall & Szmant 2009) are evident at tempe rature elevations >+2°C. Metamorphosis is rarely directly affected by elevated pCO2 (Albright et al. 2010, 2011); indeed,…”
Sexual production of corals for reef restoration in the Anthropocene (2020, background): “In a study of Acropora palmata, a 4°C increase in temperature decreased larval survival by ~60%, with most losses occurring during the process of gastrulation (Randall & Szmant 2009a).”