Second life batteries lifespan: Rest of useful life and environmental analysis.
By Lluc Canals Casals, B. Amante García, Camille Canal. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019
340 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Road transportation is heading towards electrification using Li-ion batteries to power electric vehicles offering eight or ten years' warrant. After that, batteries are considered inappropriate for traction services but they still have 80% of its original capacity. On the other hand, energy storage devices will have an important role in the electricity market. Being Li-ion batteries still too expensive to provide such services with economic profit, the idea to reuse affordable electric vehicle batteries for a 2nd life originated the Sunbatt project, connecting the automotive and electricity sectors. The battery reuse is, by itself, a path towards sustainability, but the cleanliness of energy storage also depends on the electricity generation power sources and the battery ageing or lifespan. This paper analyses the rest of useful life of 2nd life batteries on four different stationary applications, which are: Support to fast electric vehicle charges, self-consumption, area regulation and transmission deferral. To do so, it takes advantage of an equivalent electric battery-ageing model that simulates the battery capacity fade through its use. This model runs on Matlab and includes several ageing mechanisms, such as calendar ageing, C-rate, Depth-of-Discharge, temperature and voltage. Results show that 2nd life battery lifespan clearly depends on its use, going from about 30 years in fast electric vehicle charge support applications to around 6 years in area regulation grid services. Additionally, this study analyses the day-to-day emissions from electricity generation in Spain, and states that grid oriented energy storage applications will hardly offer environmental benefits in the nearby future. On the other hand, applications that go by the hand of renewable power sources, such as self-consumption applications, are much more appropriate.
Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a98edf111b1e546e9fa2b54875a887f9d2615ea
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Citations in the corpus
- A Review on Battery Market Trends, Second-Life Reuse, and Recycling (2021, background): “For example, a spent EV lithium-ion battery typically contains 70–80% of the initial energy [11,12].”
- Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging (2020, background): “Combining second-life batteries with grid-scale solar energy systems is potentially a good application for these EV batteries because the energy and power requirements will be moderate compared to propulsion specifications with multiple small-scale pilot projects now demonstrated [7], [8].”