Statistical Mechanics where Newton's Third Law is Broken
By A. Ivlev, J. Bartnick, M. Heinen, C.-R. Du, V. Nosenko, Hartmut Löwen. 2014
220 citations recorded by the source corpus.
There is a variety of situations in which Newton’s third law is violated. Generally, the action-reaction symmetry can be broken for mesoscopic particles, when their effective interactions are mediated by a nonequilibrium environment. Here, we investigate different classes of nonreciprocal interactions relevant to real experimental situations and present their basic statistical mechanics analysis. We show that in mixtures of particles with such interactions, distinct species acquire distinct kinetic temperatures. In certain cases, the nonreciprocal systems are exactly characterized by a pseudo-Hamiltonian; i.e., being intrinsically nonequilibrium, they can nevertheless be described in terms of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Our results have profound implications, in particular, demonstrating the possibility to generate extreme temperature gradients on the particle scale. We verify the principal theoretical predictions in experimental tests performed with two-dimensional binary complex plasmas.
Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b9a830302543a5800d8f1db364a781cdba5235ed
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In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
In Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
In Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Citations in the corpus
- Symmetry, Thermodynamics, and Topology in Active Matter (2021, background): “[128] Alexei V Ivlev, Jörg Bartnick, Marco Heinen, C-R Du,”