The effect of stocking density, flock size and modified management on laying hen behaviour and welfare in a non-cage system

By P. Zimmerman, A. Lindberg, S. Pope, E. Glen, J. Bolhuis, Christine J Nicol. 2006

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A review of key health-related welfare issues in organic poultry production (2009, result): “In contrast, others have found lower levels of feather pecking in large commercial (non-cage) flocks compared with smaller flocks (from 2450-4200 birds) (Zimmerman et al., 2006).”
The risk factors affecting the development of gentle and severe feather pecking in loose housed laying hens (2010, unknown): “However, only a few such studies have been conducted in loose housing systems (Kjaer and Sorensen, 2002; Nicol et al., 2006; Zimmerman et al., 2006).”
The effect of rearing environment on feather pecking in young and adult laying hens (2013, background): “In adult hens ell drinkers have been found to increase feather peckng (Green et al., 2000; Zimmerman et al., 2006) and vent ecking (Pötzsch et al.”
Predicting feather damage in laying hens during the laying period. Is it the past or is it the present (2014, background): “In other studies, a large group size also increased SFP (Bilcik & Keeling, 1999; 398 Zimmerman et al., 2006; Bestman et al., 2009; Lambton et al., 2010).”
The prevention and control of feather pecking: application to commercial systems (2013, background): “More recently, Zimmerman et al. (2006) reported lower rates of FP (mostly GFP) for brown hybrids housed in single-tier aviaries with average rates varying between 0.1 and 0.5 pecks/bird/hour.”