Heating strategies for Li-ion batteries operated from subzero temperatures

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A review on research status and key technologies of battery thermal management and its enhanced safety (2018, background): “Similarly, if the temperature is too low, the energy density and capacity of the battery will get deteriorated significantly.(11) Moreover, the large‐ scaled format lithium‐ion battery is still favored by manufacturers.”
A critical review of thermal management models and solutions of lithium-ion batteries for the development of pure electric vehicles (2016, positive): “Poor lithium-ion battery performance under cold climates is therefore studied [84, 86, 87] which can be summarised from four factors: 1) low conductivity of the electrolyte and solid electrolyte interface on the electrode surface [88, 89]; 2) declined solid-state Li diffusivity [80, 84]; 3) high pol”
A review on thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (2022, methodology): “Ji and Wang[56] battery cell, convection heating 60 Hz, -20 °C 3 min 20 °C rapid temperature rise Complex device system”