Crowding and personal space invasion on the train: Please don’t make me sit in the middle

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Mobile Ad Effectiveness: Hyper-Contextual Targeting with Crowdedness (2016, background): “For example, people will be less prone to look around because crowding can boost the likelihood of catching unwanted gazes (Aiello et al. 1977, Evans and Wener 2007).”
Crowding in public transport: a review of objective and subjective measures (2013, unknown): “In the context of transport, Evans and Wener (2007) investigated personal space invasion and crowding, where 139 New York City train commuters were sampled.”
Measuring rail passenger crowding: Scale development and psychometric properties (2012, background): “For example, studies by Evans and Wener (2007), Buckley and O’Regan (2004), the UK Rail Safety and Standards Board (2004), Wener and Evans (2004), Singer, Lundberg, and Frankenhauser (1978), and Lundberg (1976) measured crowding by means of self-rating questionnaires in which participants were…”
Crowding in public transport: Who cares and why? (2017, unknown): “, 2011), especially if it implies proximity to other passengers (Evans and Wener, 2007) or propensity to arrive late for work (Mahudin et al.”