Primary insomnia: a risk factor to develop depression?

By Dieter Riemann, Ulrich Voderholzer. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2003

634 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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Circadian rhythm disturbances in depression (2008, background): “Specifically, insomnia complaints precede the onset and recurrence of depression (Cole and Dendukuri, 2003; Perlis et al., 1997; Riemann and Voderholzer, 2003) in as many as 40% of cases (Ohayon and Roth, 2003).”
Insomnia as a predictor of depression: a meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies. (2011, background): “Major depression commonly co-occurs with symptoms of insomnia (Riemann and Voderholzer, 2003; Tsuno et al., 2005), defined in the DSM-IV-TR as difficulties in initiating/maintaining sleep or non-restorative sleep, accompanied by decreased daytime functioning, persisting for at least four weeks.”
So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from? (2013, positive): “demiological studies conducted by Riemann and Volderholzer [199] concluded that insomnia symptoms”
European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia (2017, positive): “Significant evidence has been gathered with respect to the relationship between insomnia and mental disorders (Riemann and Voderholzer, 2003).”