BIG FISH, LITTLE FISH: TWO NEW ULTRA-FAINT SATELLITES OF THE MILKY WAY

By V. Belokurov, M. Walker, N. Evans II, G. Gilmore, M. Irwin, D. Just, Sergey E. Koposov, M. Mateo, E. Olszewski, L. Watkins and 5 more. 2010

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We report the discovery of two new Milky Way satellites in the neighboring constellations of Pisces and Pegasus identified in data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Pisces II, an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy lies at the distance of ∼180 kpc, some 15° away from the recently detected Pisces I. Segue 3, an ultra-faint star cluster lies at the distance of 16 kpc. We use deep follow-up imaging obtained with the 4-m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory to derive their structural parameters. Pisces II has a half-light radius of ∼60 pc, while Segue 3 is 20 times smaller at only 3 pc.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8a3b584945e46c1f50f35387a951ed147216fa1

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Citations in the corpus

The hidden giant: discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2 (2018, background): “9 for references to the MW satellite values used) and black dots show the positions of the MW GCs (Belokurov et al. 2010; Harris 2010; Muñoz et al. 2012; Balbinot et al. 2013; Kim & Jerjen 2015; Kim et al. 2015, 2016a; Laevens et al. 2015; Luque et al. 2016, 2017; Martin et al. 2016a; Weisz et al. ”
A COMPLETE SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF THE MILKY WAY SATELLITE SEGUE 1: THE DARKEST GALAXY (2010, methodology): “The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been tremendously successful in revealing new Milky Way dwarf galaxies over the past five years (e.g., Willman et al. 2005; Zucker et al. 2006; Belokurov et al. 2007a; Walsh et al. 2007; Belokurov et al. 2010).”
EIGHT ULTRA-FAINT GALAXY CANDIDATES DISCOVERED IN YEAR TWO OF THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY (2015, background): “…star clusters and/or more compact stellar systems of uncertain classification were reported during roughly the same period (e.g., Koposov et al. 2007; Walsh et al. 2009; Belokurov et al. 2010, 2014; Muñoz et al. 2012; Balbinot et al. 2013; Laevens et al. 2014; Kim & Jerjen 2015a; Kim et al. 2015b).”
ASSESSING THE MILKY WAY SATELLITES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SAGITTARIUS DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY (2010, background): “If only the most recent 3 Gyr of tidal debris (which best correspond to epochs for which there is conclusive observational evidence) are considered, we should expect the T1Y stream to be relatively narrow at this point (σB,Sgr = 4.3 ◦), so that Segue 1 is offset by ∼ 4.3σ from the T1Y stream.”
A BARYONIC SOLUTION TO THE MISSING SATELLITES PROBLEM (2012, background): “…et al. 2007; Liu et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Simon & Geha 2007; Grebel 2000; van den Bergh 2000; Belokurov et al. 2008; Watkins et al. 2009; Belokurov et al. 2010), there remains a considerable discrepancy between the number of observed MW satellites and the number predicted in CDM…”
Milky Way Satellite Census. I. The Observational Selection Function for Milky Way Satellites in DES Y3 and Pan-STARRS DR1 (2019, methodology): “…of large digital sky surveys enabled the discovery of fainter systems using statistical matched-filter techniques (Willman et al. 2005a,b; Zucker et al. 2006a,b; Belokurov et al. 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010; Grillmair 2006, 2009; Sakamoto & Hasegawa 2006; Irwin et al. 2007; Walsh et al. 2007).”
SAGITTARIUS II, DRACO II AND LAEVENS 3: THREE NEW MILKY WAY SATELLITES DISCOVERED IN THE PAN-STARRS 1 3π SURVEY (2015, background): “Though revolutionizing our view of the satellite galaxies, just a handful of new globular clusters (GCs) were found, faint and nearby (Koposov et al. 2007; Belokurov et al. 2010; Muñoz et al. 2012; Balbinot et al. 2013).”
THE SEGUE STELLAR PARAMETER PIPELINE. V. ESTIMATION OF ALPHA-ELEMENT ABUNDANCE RATIOS FROM LOW-RESOLUTION SDSS/SEGUE STELLAR SPECTRA (2010, result): “…in dSphs (including the majority of stars in the low-luminosity dSphs discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; Zucker et al. 2006a, 2006b; Belokurov et al. 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010) are quite similar to those observed for stars in the Galactic halo with [Fe/H] < −2.5, strengthening the…”
Sweating the small stuff: simulating dwarf galaxies, ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, and their own tiny satellites (2015, background): “…et al. 2010), the faintest of which were all discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) (Willman et al. 2005a,b; Grillmair 2006; Sakamoto & Hasegawa 2006; Irwin et al. 2007; Walsh, Jerjen & Willman 2007; Grillmair 2009; Zucker et al. 2006a,b; Belokurov et al. 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010).”
EIGHT NEW MILKY WAY COMPANIONS DISCOVERED IN FIRST-YEAR DARK ENERGY SURVEY DATA (2015, background): “…known ultra-faint galaxies and the faintest Milky Way star clusters, e.g., Koposov 1 and Koposov 2 (Koposov et al. 2007; Paust et al. 2014), Segue 3 (Belokurov et al. 2010; Fadely et al. 2011; Ortolani et al. 2013), Muñoz 1 (Muñoz et al. 2012a), Balbinot 1 (Balbinot et al. 2013), and Kim 1 (Kim &…”
A MegaCam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. III. Photometric and Structural Parameters (2018, methodology): “Pisces II The discovery of Pisces II was reported simultaneously with that of Segue 3 by Belokurov et al. (2010), who detected it as an overdensity in SDSS DR7 data.”
Local-Group tests of dark-matter concordance cosmology - Towards a new paradigm for structure formation (2010, background): “Watkins et al. (2009) and Belokurov et al. (2010) reported the discovery of two new MW satellite galaxies, Pisces I and II, respectively, enlarging the total MW satellite system to 24 satellites.”
MULTI-ELEMENT ABUNDANCE MEASUREMENTS FROM MEDIUM-RESOLUTION SPECTRA. III. METALLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF MILKY WAY DWARF SATELLITE GALAXIES (2010, background): “…1, Belokurov et al. 2007; Segue 2, Belokurov et al. 2009; Boötes II, Walsh et al. 2007; Leo V, Belokurov et al. 2008; Pisces I, Watkins et al. 2009; and Pisces II and Segue 3, Belokurov et al. 2010) because they have only a few RGB stars, and their average metallicities are not well-determined.”
The feeble giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater (2016, unknown): “Belokurov et al. (2010, 2014) have already pointed out the close alignment between Leo IV, Leo V and Crater.”