Constraining High-Energy Cosmic Neutrino Sources: Implications and Prospects
By Kohta Murase, E. Waxman. 2016
161 citations recorded by the source corpus.
We consider limits on the local (z=0) density (n0) of extragalactic neutrino sources set by the nondetection of steady high-energy neutrino sources producing ≳50 TeV muon multiplets in the present IceCube data, taking into account the redshift evolution, luminosity function, and neutrino spectrum of the sources. We show that the lower limit depends moderately on source spectra and strongly on redshift evolution. We find n0≳10-8–10-7 Mpc-3 for standard candle sources evolving rapidly, ns∝(1+z)3, and n0≳10-6–10-5 Mpc-3 for nonevolving sources. The corresponding upper limits on their neutrino luminosity are Lνμeff≲1042–1043 erg s-1 and Lνμeff≲1041–1042 erg s-1, respectively. Applying these results to a wide range of classes of potential sources, we show that powerful “blazar” jets associated with active galactic nuclei are unlikely to be the dominant sources. For almost all other steady candidate source classes (including starbursts, radio galaxies, and galaxy clusters and groups), an order of magnitude increase in the detector sensitivity at ∼0.1–1 PeV will enable a detection (as point sources) of the few brightest objects. Such an increase, which may be provided by next-generation detectors like IceCube-Gen2 and an upgraded KM3NET, can improve the limit on n0 by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Future gamma-ray observations (by Fermi, the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array) will play a key role in confirming the association of the neutrinos with their sources.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b887c71e8d92ef932cb50e930b85951d15596c2b
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Citations in the corpus
- The Blazar TXS 0506+056 Associated with a High-energy Neutrino: Insights into Extragalactic Jets and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration (2018, background): “The association of IceCube-170922A with the flaring phase of TXS 0506+056 is consistent with this scenario, although the relative rarity of these sources may imply additional constraints on their contribution (Murase & Waxman 2016).”
- Blazar Flares as an Origin of High-energy Cosmic Neutrinos? (2018, background): “Note that theory typically predicts Lν ∝ Lγ − L 2 γ (Murase et al. 2014; Tavecchio & Ghisellini 2015; Petropoulou et al. 2015), and a flux weighting with Fν ∝ Fγ leads to ∼< 7% (Aartsen et al. 2017c).”
- A Multimessenger Picture of the Flaring Blazar TXS 0506+056: Implications for High-energy Neutrino Emission and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration (2018, background): “%) origin of IceCube’s neutrinos, implying that their contribution is less than ∼3%–30% of the diffuse neutrino intensity in the 0.1–1 PeV range (Aartsen et al. 2015, 2017b, 2017c; Murase & Waxman 2016).”
- IceCube-Gen2: the window to the extreme Universe (2020, background): “We indicate several candidate populations (⭐) by the required neutrino luminosity to account for the full diffuse flux [48] (see also [111]).”