Ectopic fat in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic disease.

By Gerald I. Shulman. New England Journal of Medicine, 2014

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Metabolic syndrome update. (2016, background): “Fat overload in tissues is referred to as ectopic fat [18].”
The sexual dimorphism of obesity (2015, positive): “In addition, the high lipolytic rate of visceral fat generates large amounts of free fatty acids that are delivered to the liver causing increased hepatic glucose production, hyperinsulinemia, and other features of the metabolic syndrome (Shulman, 2014).”
Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2018, background): “Ectopic lipid deposition directly promotes insulin resistance, which is a common feature of patients with NAFLD-associated diseases [63, 64].”
Hepatic Acetyl CoA Links Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes (2015, neutral): “…early in the pathogenesis of T2D and can be dissociated from inflammation at this stage, a key question arises as to identification of the factor(s) that promotes the progression from ectopic lipid-induced insulin resistance to impaired glucose tolerance and fasting hyperglycemia (Shulman, 2014).”