How accurate is pulse rate variability as an estimate of heart rate variability? A review on studies comparing photoplethysmographic technology with an electrocardiogram.

By Axel Schäfer, J. Vagedes. International Journal of Cardiology, 2013

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Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research – Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting (2017, background): “A comparative review of photoplethysmography against ECG stated that photoplethysmography can be used during rest but not during stress (Schafer and Vagedes, 2013).”
Photoplethysmography revisited: from contact to noncontact, from point to imaging (2015, positive): “Regardless of how successful these systems has been in acquiring physiological parameters, e.g., HR/respiration rate (RR) and HRV, a number of key questions still remain regarding IPPG systems that utilize ambient light as the illumination source, such as the practical issue of how variations in amb”