Calcium carbide residue: Alkaline activator for clay–fly ash geopolymer

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Compressive strength development in fly ash geopolymer masonry units manufactured from water treatment sludge (2015, background): “[31] reported that the hardening process of FA activated with Na2SiO3 is mainly attributed to the gel-like reaction products that bind FA particles together.”
Stabilisation of marginal lateritic soil using high calcium fly ash-based geopolymer (2016, background): “Phetchuay et al. (2014) studied the viability of using calcium carbine residue as an alkali activator and FA as a precursor to stabilise problematic silty clay as a bound pavement material whose compressive strength meets the strength requirement, specified by the local national road authority of…”
Clayey soil stabilization using geopolymer and Portland cement (2018, background): “However, a higher early strength was observed when FA-geopolymer soil was cured at higher temperatures [22, 23].”
Strength development and durability of alkali-activated fly ash mortar with calcium carbide residue as additive (2018, unknown): “Phetchuay et al. [40] [41] have used a combination of CCR and FA as a precursor for making alkali-activated binder to stabilize strength development in soft marine clay.”