Effects of torrefaction on the physiochemical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fiber and kernel shell.

By K. Sabil, M. Aziz, B. Lal, Y. Uemura. 2013

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Compaction of palm kernel shell biochars for application as solid fuel (2014, unknown): “[9] Sabil KM, Aziz MA, Lal B, Uemura Y.”
Comparison of biochar properties from biomass residues produced by slow pyrolysis at 500°C. (2013, background): “Coconut shell has been reported to have a lignin content as high as 46 wt.% (Cagnon et al., 2009) and PKS 46-51 % (Kim et al., 2010; Sabil et al., 2013) The wood bark had about 8 % higher biochar yield than the stem part due to the increase of lignin and other polymers.”