Ultrastructure of the cyst wall of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae): wall development and behaviour during cyst germination

By M. C. Damiani, P. Leonardi, O. Pieroni, E. Cáceres. 2006

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M.C. Damiani, P.I. Leonardi, O.I. Pieroni and E.J. Cáceres. 2006. Ultrastructure of the cyst wall of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae): wall development and behaviour during cyst germination. Phycologia 45: 616–623. DOI: 10.2216/05-27.1 The cell wall structure and behaviour of cysts of Argentinian strains of Haematococcus pluvialis were studied during cyst germination and zooid release. The cyst wall is composed of an outer primary wall, a trilaminar sheath, a secondary wall, and a tertiary wall. The primary wall disintegrates as the cyst ages. During germination the trilaminar sheath breaks down, carrying the adjacent secondary wall with it and the extensible tertiary wall accompanies the cyst in its size increase and shape changes. Zooid release subsequently follows as a result of the apical breakage of this third wall. Although the secondary and tertiary walls exhibit the same conformation in mature cysts, the arrangement of their components during their formation is different. This could be the reason why the behaviour of the two walls is different during germination. The chemical characterization carried out in the present research showed that the external trilaminar sheath of the wall is formed by algaenan, while fluorescence labelling suggested the presence of mannose and cellulose in the secondary and tertiary walls. Because of the physical difficulty of breaking cysts during astaxanthin extraction, cyst germination may provide a natural, alternative wall-breaking mechanism.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Oceanography, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b7836dfbf395ae9e3a083534de4a0492a34b31eb

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Citations in the corpus

• Proterozoic phytoplankton and timing of Chlorophyte algae origins (2011, background): “…a single layer of the cell wall, usually the outmost or middle of a multilayered cell wall in microalgae (Derenne et al. 1996; Hagen et al. 2002; Damiani et al. 2006), and it has been recognized in certain Cambrian and Proterozoic leiosphaerid acritarchs (Arouri et al. 1999; Arouri et al. 2000;…”
• Screening microalgae as potential sources of antioxidants (2017, background): “Haematococcus pluvialis cells have a strong, rigid sporopollenin cell wall (Damiani et al. 2006) that may act as an obstacle during the extraction process treatment.”
• Antiviral compounds obtained from microalgae commonly used as carotenoid sources (2012, background): “…mature red cysts have been described to possess a thick cell wall with algaenan, a complex cell wall polymer that is resistant to several chemical and enzimatic treatments, together with diverses polysaccharides as the main components (Montsant et al. 2001; Hagen et al. 2002; Damiani et al. 2006).”