A Spitzer Spectrum of the Exoplanet HD 189733b

By C. Grillmair, D. Charbonneau, Adam Burrows, Lee Armus, J. Stauffer, V. Meadows, J. Cleve, D. S. S. Center, H. C. F. Astrophysics, S. Observatory and 2 more. 2007

163 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We report on the measurement of the 7.5-14.7 μm spectrum for the transiting extrasolar giant planet HD 189733b using the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Although the observations comprise only 12 hr of telescope time, the continuum is well measured and has a flux ranging from 0.6 to 1.8 mJy over the wavelength range, or 0.49% ± 0.02% of the flux of the parent star. The variation in the measured fractional flux is very nearly flat over the entire wavelength range and shows no indication of significant absorption by water or methane, in contrast with the predictions of most atmospheric models. Models with strong day/night differences appear to be disfavored by the data, suggesting that heat redistribution to the night side of the planet is highly efficient.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. N. Madhusudhan
2. Jon Fortney
3. A. Showman
4. D. Sing
5. H. Knutson
6. D. Deming
7. D. Charbonneau
8. J. D'esert

In Instrumentation

1. Jon Fortney
2. N. Madhusudhan
3. A. Showman
4. H. Knutson
5. D. Sing
6. D. Charbonneau
7. M. Marley
8. D. Deming

Citations in the corpus

• Design Considerations for a Ground-Based Transit Search for Habitable Planets Orbiting M Dwarfs (2007, background): “Precise spectroscopic measurements during secondary eclipse have unveiled the infrared spectrum of HD 209458b (Richardson et al. 2007), and HD 189733b (Grillmair et al. 2007).”
• Detection of atmospheric haze on an extrasolar planet: the 0.55–1.05 μm transmission spectrum of HD 189733b with the Hubble Space Telescope (2007, background): “…system allowed the analysis of the primary transit (Knutson et al. 2007; Tinetti et al. 2007; Ehrenreich et al. 2007), the secondary eclipse (Deming et al. 2005; Grillmair et al. 2007; Knutson et al. 2007; Swain et al. 2007), and the day-tonight flux variation along the orbit (Knutson et al. 2007).”
• A Unified Theory for the Atmospheres of the Hot and Very Hot Jupiters: Two Classes of Irradiated Atmospheres (2007, methodology): “In addition, mid infrared spectra were obtained for HD 209458b (Richardson et al. 2007; Swain et al. 2007) and HD 189733b (Grillmair et al. 2007).”
• Exoplanet Atmospheres: Physical Processes (2010, background): “Some initial indications from Spitzer spectroscopy that water absorption was absent (Richardson et al. 2007; Grillmair et al. 2007) were superceded by higher S/N data that clearly showed water absorption (Grillmair et al. 2008; Swain et al. 2008, Swain et al 2009a).”
• The prevalence of dust on the exoplanet HD 189733b from Hubble and Spitzer observations (2012, background): “Grillmair et al. (2007) observed the eclipse spectrum between 5 and 14 µm with the IRS spectrograph on Spitzer.”
• Theoretical Spectral Models of the Planet HD 209458b with a Thermal Inversion and Water Emission Bands (2007, methodology): “…the direct detection of planetary atmospheres via lowresolution spectroscopy and precision IR photometry is now a reality (Charbonneau et al. 2005; Deming et al. 2005,2006,2007; Grillmair et al. 2007; Richardson et al. 2007; Harrington et al. 2006,2007; Knutson et al. 2007b,c; Cowan et al. 2007).”
• A SYSTEMATIC RETRIEVAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY ECLIPSE SPECTRA. I. A COMPARISON OF ATMOSPHERIC RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUES (2013, background): “55 61 peratures and compositions (see e.g., Charbonneau et al. 2005; Tinetti et al. 2007; 2010; Grillmair et al. 2007; 2008; Swain et al. 2009a; 2009b; Madahusudhan & Seager 2009; Stevenson et al. 2011; Madhusudhan et al. 2011; Lee et al. 2012; Line et al. 2012).”
• Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Three-dimensional Circulation Models of HD 209458b and HD 189733b with Simplified Forcing (2008, unknown): “Spitzer IRS spectra of these plan-ets’ daysides from 7–14 µ m lack obvious molecular absorption bands (Grillmair et al. 2007; Richardson et al. 2003, 2007; Swain et al. 2007), although debate exists about the interpretation (Fortney & Marley 2007).”
• Hubble Space Telescope time-series photometry of the planetary transit of HD 189733: no moon, no rings, starspots (2007, methodology): “…(Bakos et al. 2006; Winn et al. 2007), measurement of the spin-orbit angle using the Rossiter-McLaughlin e ff ect (Winn et al. 2006), measurement and mapping of the infrared flux distribution of the planet with the secondary eclipse (Deming et al. 2006; Grillmair et al. 2007; Knutson et al. 2007).”
• Detection of water absorption in the day side atmosphere of HD 189733 b using ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy at 3.2 μm (2013, background): “…latter two spectral features with both systematics and the possible haze being proposed as the causes of conflicting results at different wavelengths (Grillmair et al. 2007; Ehrenreich et al. 2007; Désert et al. 2009; Sing et al. 2009; Gibson et al. 2011; Mandell et al. 2011; Gibson et al. 2012).”
• Transit spectrophotometry of the exoplanet HD189733b. I. Searching for water but finding haze with HST NICMOS (2009, background): “A notable exception is the 3.6µm and 5.8µm Spitzer results from Désert et al. (2009a), which show sig- nificantly deviant values in both b and a/R⋆.”
• THE CLIMATE OF HD 189733b FROM FOURTEEN TRANSITS AND ECLIPSES MEASURED BY SPITZER (2010, background): “…yielding possible evidence for water, sodium, methane, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, as well as Rayleigh scattering at blue wavelengths (Grillmair et al. 2007; Tinetti et al. 2007; Barnes et al. 2007; Redfield et al. 2008; Barman 2008; Swain et al. 2008, 2009; Charbonneau et al. 2008;…”
• MULTIWAVELENGTH CONSTRAINTS ON THE DAY–NIGHT CIRCULATION PATTERNS OF HD 189733b (2008, background): “…star with a transiting planet, and its favorable planet/star radius ratio makes it ideal for a variety of detailed measurements (see, for example, Deming et al. 2006; Grillmair et al. 2007; Knutson et al. 2007; Tinetti et al. 2007b; Pont et al. 2008; Charbonneau et al. 2008; Swain et al. 2008).”
• A CORRELATION BETWEEN STELLAR ACTIVITY AND HOT JUPITER EMISSION SPECTRA (2010, background): “There are currently four planets classified in the literature as having “non-inverted” atmospheres, including HD 189733b (Deming et al. 2006; Grillmair et al. 2007, 2008; Charbonneau et al. 2008; Swain et al. 2009a), TrES-1 (Charbonneau et al. 2005), TrES-3 (Fressin et al. 2010), and WASP-4 (Beerer…”