The dynamical response to snow cover perturbations in a large ensemble of atmospheric GCM integrations.

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The Role of Linear Interference in the Annular Mode Response to Tropical SST Forcing (2010, background): “While a lack of sufficient data and sampling issues may have previously obscured such a link in observations (Free and Seidel 2009), a consensus is now emerging that warm ENSO events are associated with the negative polarity of the wintertime NAM (Brönnimann 2007; Garfinkel and Hartmann 2008;…”
The predictability of the extratropical stratosphere on monthly time‐scales and its impact on the skill of tropospheric forecasts (2015, background): “Experiments in which snow anomalies have been prescribed in general circulation models have shown some dynamical response in the stratosphere (Gong et al., 2003; Fletcher et al., 2009) but failed when snow was allowed to evolve freely in the model (Hardiman et al.”
Tropospheric Precursors of Anomalous Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortices (2009, background): “But October Eurasian snow is well correlated with geopotential height over the northwestern Pacific (not shown, but see Fletcher et al. 2009), and the northwestern Pacific could be a conduit through which snow cover anomalies affect the vortex.”