Processing conditions and microstructural features of porous 316L stainless steel components by DMLS

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A review on the state-of-the-art of surface finishing processes and related ISO/ASTM standards for metal additive manufactured components (2020, background): “…SLM etc Material: Steel Varying oxygen content and scan speeds Scan speed: 500–800 mm/ s Layer thickness: 0.05–0.5 mm (Gu and Shen 2009; Li et al. 2011; Gu and Shen 2008; Niu and Chang 1999; Kruth et al. 2004) Surface pores Laser scan speed Very high scan speeds and operating temperatures…”
Influence of energy density on metallurgy and properties in metal additive manufacturing (2017, methodology): “Apart from anisotropy, the lower UTS values obtained in the build direction are also caused by a large amount of pore formation and high residual stress concentration in that orientation [9,94,95,155,162].”
The Influence of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of SLM Parts (2015, background): “The same author in article [2] described how the same two parameters affected the structure of materials from steel 316L.”
Effects of Selective Laser Melting additive manufacturing parameters of Inconel 718 on porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties (2018, background): “Some studies have tested other parameters, such as the size of the laser, the thickness of the layer deposited and the distance of the scan lines for the various materials like steel 316L [22], Ti6Al4V [23] and Inconel 718 [24,13,25].”