Activated carbon prepared from oil palm stone by one-step CO2 activation for gaseous pollutant removal

By A. Lua, Jia Guo. 2000

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Enhanced mercury adsorption in activated carbons from biomass materials and waste tires (2007, background): “As the activation temperature increases up to 900 °C, lower concentrations of surface organic components are observed and only quinones remain [18].”
Hydrothermal conversion of biomass waste to activated carbon with high porosity: a review. (2016, background): “Extensive work is being done to enhance the porosity of activated carbons by the use of different chemical activating agents, optimization of the activation conditions such as temperature, ramp rate and gas flow rate [39–42] and the usage of pretreatment methods such as soaking or stirring [43,44].”
Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal (2020, methodology): “The steam activation method has been used to produce ACs from various biomasses, such as white spruce sawdust, canola, and wheat straw [14], switchgrass, hard and soft wood [15], oil palm stones [16], oil palm shells [17], and seed cakes [18].”
Production of microporous palm shell based activated carbon for methane adsorption: Modeling and optimization using response surface methodology (2012, background): “This is related to the excessive burn-off of carbon content that affected the quality of pores in activated carbon and increased in the transitional pores causing an enlargement in micropore (Bansal et al., 1988; Gratuito et al., 2008; Lua and Guo, 2000).”