Rural livelihood diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review

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Determinant factors of livelihood diversification: Evidence from Ethiopia (2017, background): “Some scholars also grouped the components of rural livelihood diversification by sector (farm or non-farm), by function (wage employment or selfemployment) or by location (on-farm or off-farm) (Loison & Loison, 2016; Saha & Bahal, 2012).”
Heterogeneous impact of livelihood diversification on household welfare: Cross-country evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa (2019, background): “…sources of income and/or their agricultural production has constantly increased either to cope with the climate risks or to take advantage of market or infrastructural developments (Reardon, 1997a, 1997b; Barrett et al., 2001; Losch et al., 2012; Losch, Magrin, & Imbernon, 2013, Loison, 2015).”
The puzzle of East and Southeast Asia's persistent smallholder (2016, background): “Alongside the ‘push’ factor of land, East Asia has had e compared to SSA e the important ‘pull’ factor of burgeoning employment opportunities associated with fast-track industrialization (Alobo Loison, 2015).”